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Just a guess, I would imagine as the oxygen hits the cylinders it would of course have a large explosion that may go back up the intake and into that oxygen bottle...and you can fill in the blank after that ;)
 
Actually, nitrous oxide isn't a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen. It is NNO, a linear triatomic molecule. I believe it decomposes to N2 and oxygen atom. The oxygen atom is a very reactive oxidant.

I think you could add additional oxygen to the intake, provided the computer was modified to add extra fuel. It should be pretty much the same effect as using a turbocharger.
 
I believe oure ixygen burns too hot and would melt your engine.
Oxygen does not burn by itself, it needs fuel. When it has fuel it can cause intense burning. When cutting metal with a O\A torch you can turn off the acetylene and continue the cut with pure O2 because the O2 burns the metal into vapor and heats up the surrounding metal so the O2 can oxidize it too. Pure O2 is too unstable to use as a nitrous replacement. Basically it reacts too fast. Pure 95% O2 would also require a crapton more fuel, or it will lean out the mixture and cause detonation.
 
Lets say you run ~15 psi ( to make the math easier) of intake pressure or about 2 atmospheres total. That's equivalent to ~40% O2 and would require about twice as much fuel. There would also be about 1.6 atm of N2 partial pressure. I don't think the N2 has much effect as a buffer gas. So it should be roughly equivalent to running ~40% oxygen and twice as much fuel. Why is turbocharging what is done? Just because it's easier to manage would be my guess.
 
Lets say you run ~15 psi ( to make the math easier) of intake pressure or about 2 atmospheres total. That's equivalent to ~40% O2 and would require about twice as much fuel. There would also be about 1.6 atm of N2 partial pressure. I don't think the N2 has much effect as a buffer gas. So it should be roughly equivalent to running ~40% oxygen and twice as much fuel. Why is turbocharging what is done? Just because it's easier to manage would be my guess.
Adding more O2 from supercharging, turbocharging, or nitrous has nearly the same effect, except that nitrous has no parasitic loss. Please do not mess with pure O2 because you or your motor may die. The nitrogen does nearly nothing, but may slightly slow down the combustion speed by spacing out the fuel molecules.
 
A further comment.

If you turbocharge to 2 atmospheres. The pressure in the cylinder at ignition for 10:1 compression ratio is ~20 atmospheres and the heat release is 2X that for normal aspirated. The temperature increase is proportional to heat release/ gas density, both of which are doubled so you get the same temperature increase.

In the case of 2X the amount of fuel and oxygen but staying at one atmosphere input there is twice the heat release with the same gas density so the temperature increase is ~ doubled.

This means you get somewhere near double the torque in both cases, but in the first case the combustion temperature stays about the same, while in the second case the greater torque comes from greatly increased combustion temperature. So as said before it may cause heat damage to the engine to increase the % oxygen.

Please note that this is a very rough analysis so not strictly quantitative. e.g. one thing that is being neglected is the volume change due to combustion and also it is assuming running the engine at absolute zero outside temperature.
 
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